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Traumatic or acquired brain injury (TBI or ABI) is sudden damage to the brain caused by a blow or jolt to the head. Common causes include car or motorcycle crashes, falls, sports injuries, and assaults. Injuries can range from mild concussions to severe permanent brain damage.

 

A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. It can cause changes in behavior, movements or feelings, and in levels of consciousness. If an individual has two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, they have epilepsy.

A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident, occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts (or ruptures).

Dementia describes a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking and social abilities severely enough to interfere with daily life. Delirium is an abrupt change in the brain that causes mental confusion and emotional disruption. Dementia and delirium can be caused by many different diseases and conditions.